The Rise of Verbal Tics in Large Language Models: A Systematic Analysis Across Frontier Models

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19139v2
• Date: Sun, 26 Apr 2026 15:19:31 GMT
• Title: The Rise of Verbal Tics in Large Language Models: A Systematic Analysis Across Frontier Models
• Abstract summary: We present a systematic analysis of the verbal tic phenomenon across eight state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs)<n>We introduce the Verbal Tic Index (VTI), a composite metric quantifying tic prevalence, and analyze its correlation with sycophancy, lexical diversity, and human-perceived naturalness.
• Score: 12.320824168302908
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to evolve through alignment techniques such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Constitutional AI, a growing and increasingly conspicuous phenomenon has emerged: the proliferation of verbal tics, repetitive, formulaic linguistic patterns that pervade model outputs. These range from sycophantic openers (That's a great question!, Awesome!) to pseudo-empathetic affirmations (I completely understand your concern, I'm right here to catch you) and overused vocabulary (delve, tapestry, nuanced). In this paper, we present a systematic analysis of the verbal tic phenomenon across eight state-of-the-art LLMs: GPT-5.4, Claude Opus 4.7, Gemini 3.1 Pro, Grok 4.2, Doubao-Seed-2.0-pro, Kimi K2.5, DeepSeek V3.2, and MiMo-V2-Pro. Utilizing a custom evaluation framework for standardized API-based evaluation, we assess 10,000 prompts across 10 task categories in both English and Chinese, yielding 160,000 model responses. We introduce the Verbal Tic Index (VTI), a composite metric quantifying tic prevalence, and analyze its correlation with sycophancy, lexical diversity, and human-perceived naturalness. Our findings reveal significant inter-model variation: Gemini 3.1 Pro exhibits the highest VTI (0.590), while DeepSeek V3.2 achieves the lowest (0.295). We further demonstrate that verbal tics accumulate over multi-turn conversations, are amplified in subjective tasks, and show distinct cross-lingual patterns. Human evaluation (N = 120) confirms a strong inverse relationship between sycophancy and perceived naturalness (r = -0.87, p < 0.001). These results underscore the alignment tax of current training paradigms and highlight the urgent need for more authentic human-AI interaction frameworks.

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