Programming long-range interactions in analog quantum simulators

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22483v1
• Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2026 12:06:38 GMT
• Title: Programming long-range interactions in analog quantum simulators
• Abstract summary: Long-range interactions are the source of many equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium quantum many-body phenomena.<n>We develop a hybrid classical-quantum toolbox that exploits this tunability to enhance many-body state preparation in analog simulators.<n>Our results establish programmable long-range interactions as a powerful resource for next-generation analog quantum simulators.
• Score: 39.364243535886985
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Long-range interactions are the source of many equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium quantum many-body phenomena. Analog simulators based on ionic, atomic, superconducting, and molecular systems provide a natural platform to obtain these interactions using vibration- and photon-mediated processes. Recent experimental advances, such as their integration in multi-mode cavities and waveguides, or the use of Raman-assisted transitions, enable dynamical control over both the strength and the spatial range of these interactions, thereby rendering them programmable. Here, we develop a hybrid classical-quantum toolbox that exploits this tunability to enhance many-body state preparation in analog simulators beyond fixed-connectivity architectures. Our approach is based on classical pre-compilation in homogeneous small systems, whose optimized parameters are extrapolated iteratively to larger system sizes, and then refined on the quantum hardware using noise-aware hybrid re-optimization and error-mitigation techniques. We benchmark this strategy across several fermionic, spin-1/2, and spin-1 models, demonstrating orders-of-magnitude improvements in fidelity and energy estimation for system sizes ranging from 100 to 1000 particles. Finally, we show that the combination of such high-fidelity programmable state preparation techniques with tunable-range out-of-equilibrium dynamics enables controlled studies of many-body thermalization in regimes accessible to current experimental platforms. Our results establish programmable long-range interactions as a powerful resource for next-generation analog quantum simulators.

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