Reference-based Category Discovery: Unsupervised Object Detection with Category Awareness

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04606v1
• Date: Wed, 06 May 2026 07:54:30 GMT
• Title: Reference-based Category Discovery: Unsupervised Object Detection with Category Awareness
• Abstract summary: General unsupervised methods generate pseudo boxes without category labels.<n>We propose Reference-based Category Discovery (RefCD) to overcome these limitations.<n>RefCD can learn category information in an unsupervised paradigm even without category labels.
• Score: 17.707748341462615
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Traditional one-shot detection methods have addressed the closed-set problem in object detection, but the high cost of data annotation remains a critical challenge. General unsupervised methods generate pseudo boxes without category labels, thus failing to achieve category-aware classification. To overcome these limitations, we propose Reference-based Category Discovery (RefCD), an unsupervised detector that enables category-aware\footnotemark[1] detection without any manually annotated labels. It leverages feature similarity between predicted objects and unlabeled reference images. Unlike previous unsupervised methods that lack category guidance and one-shot methods which require labeled data, RefCD introduces a carefully designed feature similarity loss to explicitly guide the learning of potential category-specific features. Additionally, RefCD supports category-agnostic detection without reference images, serving as a unified framework. Comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis of category-aware and category-agnostic detection results demonstrates its effectiveness, and RefCD can learn category information in an unsupervised paradigm even without category labels.

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