SuperPaymaster: Eliminating Centralized Signer Authority via Asset-Oriented Abstraction to Reconcile Usability and Decentralization in Account Abstraction

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05774v1
• Date: Thu, 07 May 2026 07:07:00 GMT
• Title: SuperPaymaster: Eliminating Centralized Signer Authority via Asset-Oriented Abstraction to Reconcile Usability and Decentralization in Account Abstraction
• Abstract summary: Most production ERC-4337 Paymasters rely on Process-Oriented Abstraction (POA)<n>We propose Asset-Oriented Abstraction (AOA) which encapsulates payment capability in a persistent, user-owned on-chain asset.<n>We evaluate gas cost on Optimism Mainnet using single-UserOp ERC-20 transfers.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Most production ERC-4337 Paymasters rely on Process-Oriented Abstraction (POA): a centralized off-chain server signs each sponsorship request and therefore acts as a potential censorship bottleneck. We propose Asset-Oriented Abstraction (AOA), which encapsulates payment capability in a persistent, user-owned on-chain asset -- the ``Gas Card'' -- rather than in an off-chain signing process. Following Design Science Research, we implement SuperPaymaster on Optimism Mainnet. Its sponsorship validity is anchored in on-chain Soulbound Token state and deterministic policy rules, removing the off-chain signer as a hard validity gate. We evaluate gas cost on Optimism Mainnet using single-UserOp ERC-20 transfers ($n{=}50$ per system). Trace-level decomposition isolates an approximately 32k-gas delta as the execution cost of eliminating centralized signing. In pure L2 execution gas, SuperPaymaster (167,830) is lower than both vendor-as-deployed commercial samples, including a 49\% reduction against the DEX-routed ERC-20 baseline (328,937), because it replaces an on-chain liquidation path with an internal balance update. In total billed gas, the remaining gap to the cheapest baseline is explained primarily by bundler pricing rather than paymaster architecture. A failover simulation shows that non-cooperative relayers can be bypassed when an alternative relayer is available. These findings suggest that AOA can reduce the tension among usability, sponsorship decentralization, and economic efficiency.

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