TopoEvo: A Topology-Aware Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Framework for Root Cause Analysis in Microservices

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15611v1
• Date: Fri, 15 May 2026 04:45:44 GMT
• Title: TopoEvo: A Topology-Aware Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Framework for Root Cause Analysis in Microservices
• Abstract summary: Root cause analysis (RCA) intricmetrics is challenging due to noisy and heterogeneous multimodal observability.<n>Recent LLM-based RCA agents can generate tool-grounded explanations, yet they often remain topology-agnostic.<n>We propose textbfTopoEvo, a topology-aware self-evolving multi-agent that couples graph representation learning with structured, topology-constrained reasoning.
• Score: 10.602349579405832
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Root cause analysis (RCA) in microservices is challenging due to (i) noisy and heterogeneous multimodal observability (metrics, logs, traces), (ii) cascading failure propagation that amplifies downstream symptoms, and (iii) non-stationary topology drift induced by autoscaling and rolling updates. Recent LLM-based RCA agents can generate tool-grounded explanations, yet they often remain topology-agnostic and suffer from \emph{symptom-amplification bias}, misattributing the root cause to salient downstream victims. We propose \textbf{TopoEvo}, a topology-aware self-evolving multi-agent framework that couples graph representation learning with structured, topology-constrained reasoning. TopoEvo first introduces \emph{Metric-orthogonal Multimodal Alignment} (MOMA), which decomposes metric embeddings into complementary subspaces and contrastively aligns logs and traces to reduce modality redundancy and sparsity, yielding stable node representations for graph encoding. It then applies \emph{Vector Quantization} (VQ) to discretize topology-enhanced states into auditable \emph{symptom tokens} with a symptom lexicon, enabling reliable retrieval and token-level evidence grounding. On top of these discrete topology cues, TopoEvo performs a multi-agent \emph{Hypothesis--Evidence--Test} (HET) workflow to explicitly verify propagation-consistent explanations and separate initiating anomalies from amplified downstream symptoms. Finally, a \emph{Self-Evolving Mechanism} refreshes hierarchical incident memory and performs conservative test-time adaptation with high-confidence pseudo-labels to maintain robustness under drift.

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