Photon-Atom Granularity Noise Thermometry

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17797v1
• Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 03:20:47 GMT
• Title: Photon-Atom Granularity Noise Thermometry
• Abstract summary: Noise thermometry (GNT) is a fluctuation-based optical thermometry scheme.<n>The power spectral density of transmitted light exhibits an excess noise above the shot-noise limit.<n>The present framework provides a noise-based pathway for optical thermometry using atomic ensembles.
• Score: 6.964781993209706
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We propose granularity noise thermometry (GNT), a fluctuation-based optical thermometry scheme that exploits the intrinsic fluctuations of susceptibility arising from atomic discreteness. The power spectral density of transmitted light exhibits an excess noise above the shot-noise limit that scales linearly with the photon-to-atom ratio $\mathcal{R}$. Consequently, varying the incident power (hence $\mathcal{R}$) yields the slope $\mathcal{K}$ of this linear scaling, which directly encodes the temperature. Closed-form expressions for the polarizability moments are derived via the plasma dispersion function, which yield distinct temperature scalings: $\mathcal{K}\propto P_{\mathrm{v}}(T)/T^2$ for thermal vapors and $\mathcal{K}\propto T^{2}$ for cold atoms. While practical implementation requires careful control of technical noise and system parameters, the present framework provides a noise-based pathway for optical thermometry using atomic ensembles.

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