Symmetry-Protected Fast Relaxation and the Strong Quantum Mpemba Effect

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20930v1
• Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 09:13:22 GMT
• Title: Symmetry-Protected Fast Relaxation and the Strong Quantum Mpemba Effect
• Abstract summary: We find a symmetry-selective Liouvillian mechanism that protects an isolated fast-decay channel in a long-range XXZ spin chain.<n>Breaking the symmetry restores overlap with slow Liouvillian modes and substantially suppresses the relaxation dynamics.<n>Our results establish symmetry-protected fast relaxation as a mechanism for controlling nonequilibrium pathways in open quantum systems.
• Score: 4.1013215347411585
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Understanding how symmetry constrains dissipative relaxation in open quantum many-body systems remains a central challenge in nonequilibrium physics. Here we uncover a symmetry-selective Liouvillian mechanism that protects an isolated fast-decay channel in a long-range XXZ spin chain subject to dephasing noise. At the \(SU(2)\)-symmetric point, highly symmetric initial states couple exclusively to an exact Liouvillian eigenmode with decay rate \(λ=-2\), producing universal exponential relaxation independent of system size and interaction range. Breaking the symmetry restores overlap with slow Liouvillian modes and substantially suppresses the relaxation dynamics. This symmetry-filtered mode accessibility naturally gives rise to a strong quantum Mpemba effect, where a state farther from the steady state relaxes anomalously faster than closer thermal states. Our results establish symmetry-protected fast relaxation as a mechanism for controlling nonequilibrium pathways in open quantum systems.

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