WINDQuant: Weight-Informed Neural Decision-Making for Global Mixed-Precision LLM Quantization

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.26660v2
• Date: Sun, 31 May 2026 09:30:47 GMT
• Title: WINDQuant: Weight-Informed Neural Decision-Making for Global Mixed-Precision LLM Quantization
• Abstract summary: WINDQuant is a reinforcement-learning-based allocation controller for ultra-low-bit LLM quantization.<n>It learns how to assign bit-widths and quantization treatments to fine-grained column chunks under a global storage budget.<n>Experiments on LLaMA models demonstrate that WINDQuant achieves competitive performance in ultra-low-bit settings.
• Score: 40.655670203062805
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Quantization is an effective approach to reduce the memory footprint and inference cost of large language models (LLMs), yet maintaining performance in the ultra-low-bit regime remains challenging. Existing post-training methods often suffer from severe accuracy degradation, while quantization-aware training requires costly retraining and additional resources. Moreover, most mixed-precision strategies rely on coarse-grained or heuristic sensitivity analysis that overlooks fine-grained variations within weight matrices. We propose WINDQuant, a reinforcement-learning-based allocation controller for ultra-low-bit LLM quantization. Rather than introducing another low-level quantization operator, WINDQuant learns how to assign bit-widths and quantization treatments to fine-grained column chunks under a global storage budget. By operating at the column-chunk level, WINDQuant enables flexible and fine-grained precision assignment within layers under a global target bit-width. The implementation combines PPO with activation-aware calibration, lightweight per-unit quantizer fitting, and explicit effective-bit accounting of the learned mixed-precision plan. Experiments on LLaMA models demonstrate that WINDQuant achieves competitive performance in ultra-low-bit settings while reducing optimization overhead relative to retraining-based approaches, highlighting reinforcement learning as a practical controller for adaptive mixed-precision quantization.

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