Ground-state phase diagram of Rydberg atoms in a triangular-prism array

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.01116v1
• Date: Sun, 31 May 2026 09:24:45 GMT
• Title: Ground-state phase diagram of Rydberg atoms in a triangular-prism array
• Abstract summary: We study the ground-state phase diagram of Rydberg atoms in a triangular-prism optical tweezer array.<n>The system realizes several densitywave phases with spontaneous breaking of translational and leg-exchange symmetries.
• Score: 3.9636593171892116
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We study the ground-state phase diagram of Rydberg atoms in a triangular-prism optical tweezer array using the density matrix renormalization group. By tuning the detuning-to-Rabi-frequency ratio and the Rydberg blockade radius, the system realizes several density-wave phases with spontaneous breaking of translational and leg-exchange symmetries. Unlike two-leg Rydberg ladders with $\mathbb{Z}_2$ leg-exchange symmetry, the triangular prism has $\mathbb{D}_3$ symmetry, leading to a richer set of ordered phases and transitions. For blockade radius moderately larger than the lattice spacing, a phase with alternating double and single Rydberg occupancy appears at large detuning. It breaks $\mathbb{Z}_2$ translational and $\mathbb{Z}_3$ rotational symmetry while preserving a rung reflection symmetry. Upon decreasing detuning, it melts through two Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions with an intermediate critical phase described by a $\mathbb{Z}_6$ clock model. At larger blockade radius, a phase with one Rydberg excitation per triangle and broken $\mathbb{D}_3$ symmetry appears through a first-order transition. When double occupation of neighboring triangles is suppressed, rung-trimerized density waves develop as detuning increases from the disordered phase. Their melting follows the same structure as in Rydberg chains and two-leg ladders: the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ case has Ising critical lines, while the $\mathbb{Z}_3$ and $\mathbb{Z}_4$ cases have chiral critical lines, with Potts and Ashkin-Teller points only on the corresponding commensurate lines. Inside the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ rung-trimerized phase, an entanglement-entropy peak signals a crossover regime with enhanced period-2 density modulation before a first-order transition into a $\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{D}_3$ phase. Floating phases with incommensurate quasi-long-range order appear between trimerized states of different periods.

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