Enhancing Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction with Hierarchical Motif-based Multimodal Protein Embedding

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.02629v1
• Date: Sat, 30 May 2026 05:26:17 GMT
• Title: Enhancing Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction with Hierarchical Motif-based Multimodal Protein Embedding
• Abstract summary: MMM-PPI is a hierarchical motif-based Multi-Modal protein for PPI Prediction.<n>At the micro-scale, we encode three modal residue features; at the meso-scale, a novel multimodal motif encoder aggregates residues into spatially-informed motif embeddings.<n>At the macro-scale, a multimodal protein encoder integrates motifs into protein embeddings by jointly modeling motif importance and inter-modal correlations.
• Score: 3.726134469904372
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are essential for many biological processes. However, existing PPI prediction approaches suffer from two major limitations: they overlook the hierarchical organization of proteins, particularly meso-scale motifs that critically regulate PPIs, and fail to effectively integrate sequence, structure, and function modalities. To address these limitations, we propose MMM-PPI, a Hierarchical Motif-based Multi-Modal protein Encoder for PPI Prediction that constructs PPI embeddings in a bottom-up multi-modal manner across three scales. At the micro-scale, we encode three modal residue features; at the meso-scale, a novel multimodal motif encoder aggregates residues into spatially-informed motif embeddings; at the macro-scale, a multimodal protein encoder integrates motifs into protein embeddings by jointly modeling motif importance and inter-modal correlations. The pre-trained encoder can be used off-the-shelf for large-scale PPI prediction. Extensive experiments on multiple PPI datasets show that MMM-PPI outperforms state-of-the-art multi-label PPI prediction models, particularly under challenging data partitions and limited data scenarios. Codes are in https://github.com/yzf-code/MMM-PPI.

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