MoCA-Agent: A Market-of-Claims Code Agent for Financial and Numerical Reasoning

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11537v2
• Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2026 21:27:59 GMT
• Title: MoCA-Agent: A Market-of-Claims Code Agent for Financial and Numerical Reasoning
• Abstract summary: textscMOCA-Agent is a market-of-claims code agent that replaces free-form multi-agent debate with claim-level verification.<n>The system decomposes each question into typed atomic claims, asks specialist trader agents to buy or sell those claims, clears their orders into confidence-weighted accept/reject decisions.<n>A code-aware verifier then checks the program for execution, structural consistency, and common financial reasoning errors.
• Score: 47.751319722749116
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Financial and tabular question answering requires more than fluent reasoning: answers must be grounded in the exact facts, formulas, units, signs, and scales that support them. A single misread cell or incorrect operation can silently produce a plausible but wrong result. We introduce \textsc{MOCA-Agent}, a market-of-claims code agent that replaces free-form multi-agent debate with claim-level verification. The system decomposes each question into typed atomic claims, asks specialist trader agents to buy or sell those claims, clears their orders into confidence-weighted accept/reject decisions, and synthesizes an executable Python program from market-supported evidence. A code-aware verifier then checks the program for execution, structural consistency, and common financial reasoning errors, with at most one market-aware repair round. Across ten public benchmarks spanning financial numerical reasoning, general tabular reasoning, ESG question answering, and multimodal chart reasoning, \textsc{MOCA-Agent} achieves strong performance using a fixed Qwen3.6-27B backbone, including $78.3\%$ on FinQA, $76.0\%$ on FinanceMath, $71.2\%$ on MultiHiertt, $86.9\%$ on ESGenius, and $85.6\%$ average on FinChart-Bench. These results show that aggregating evidence at the level of atomic claims, rather than whole answers, improves robustness in high-stakes numerical reasoning.\footnote{The code and data are available: https://github.com/UBC-NLP/MoCA-Agent.

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