A Gauge-Covariant Geometric Framework for Non-Hermitian Quantum Systems

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.15922v1
• Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 16:58:04 GMT
• Title: A Gauge-Covariant Geometric Framework for Non-Hermitian Quantum Systems
• Abstract summary: We develop a comprehensive, gauge-covariant geometric framework for non-Hermitian quantum systems.<n>We show that the non-Hermitian geometric curvature originates from the non-commutativity of the stretching components at the operator level.<n>We also examine physical realizations of this model, including the non-Hermitian Su--Schrieffer--Heeger (SSH) and Hatano--Nelson (HN)
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We develop a comprehensive, gauge-covariant geometric framework for non-Hermitian quantum systems in the quasi-Hermitian regime, that is, the region of parameter space where the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian admits a real spectrum and a positive-definite metric operator. We build this framework by elevating the Dyson map to a central geometric object. This map is the transformation that converts a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian into an equivalent Hermitian one. From it we construct the Dyson connection and decompose it into Hermitian and anti-Hermitian parts, identified respectively as {\it stretching } and {\it rotation } components. This decomposition cleanly separates the genuine physical metric deformations from the unitary gauge redundancies. Working with manifestly gauge-covariant states, we then derive the complex non-Hermitian Berry phase and the quantum geometric tensor (QGT), and show that the non-Hermitian geometric curvature originates from the non-commutativity of the stretching components at the operator level. We further analyse the geometric singularities near an exceptional point (EP) and uncover a distinct hierarchy of divergences. For a general two-level non-Hermitian model, the quantum metric tensor (QMT) exhibits a leading-order divergence $\sim |ε_μ|^{-2}$, while the Berry curvature shows a weaker, subleading divergence $\sim |ε_μ|^{-3/2}$, with $ε_μ$ denoting the parameter displacement from the EP along an individual parameter axis $μ$. Finally, we examine physical realizations of this model, including the non-Hermitian Su--Schrieffer--Heeger (SSH) and Hatano--Nelson (HN) models, where exact analytical results confirm the predicted critical scaling laws and illustrate the metric-deformation-driven non-Hermitian geometries.

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