Gatekeepers and Hallucinations: A Layered Evaluation Framework for LLM-Driven Quantum Circuit Generation

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.18422v1
• Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2026 19:17:54 GMT
• Title: Gatekeepers and Hallucinations: A Layered Evaluation Framework for LLM-Driven Quantum Circuit Generation
• Abstract summary: We present a layered evaluation framework for materials-informed Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) circuit generation.<n>We surface a taxonomy of five distinct LLM failure modes (geometry hallucination, nonexistent API usage, integration failures, constraint violations, and plausible-but-unverifiable output)<n>A forensic audit of the evaluation platform's own source code further establishes that two apparent model failures originated in the harness through silent fallback-template substitution.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: As large language models (LLMs) become embedded in quantum simulation workflows (IDE copilots, notebook assistants, agentic pipelines), evaluation must move beyond functional correctness to anticipate and catch structured failures before they propagate through expensive pipelines. We present a layered evaluation framework for materials-informed Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) circuit generation: (i) a gatekeeper screening rubric across seven physical and framework criteria; (ii) a circuit fidelity analysis comparing model outputs against analytical and reference-implementation values for H2/STO-3G/Jordan-Wigner/UCCSD, with ansatz classification and gate-composition breakdown; and (iii) design entropy, a run-to-run behavioral consistency metric. We surface a taxonomy of five distinct LLM failure modes (geometry hallucination, nonexistent API usage, runtime integration failures, constraint violations, and plausible-but-unverifiable output), each with distinct detectability profiles and structural to the task rather than to any one model. A forensic audit of the evaluation platform's own source code further establishes that two apparent model failures originated in the harness through silent fallback-template substitution, demonstrating that evaluation infrastructure belongs inside the same trust boundary as the models it tests. Applied across multiple foundation models on a Materials Project integrated pipeline, the framework shows that gatekeeper-style validation is necessary, not optional, for reliable deployment.

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