Characterization of three-qubit controlled unitary gates of Schmidt rank three

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.18612v1
• Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2026 02:19:39 GMT
• Title: Characterization of three-qubit controlled unitary gates of Schmidt rank three
• Abstract summary: We characterize three-qubit controlled unitary gates of Schmidt rank three.<n>We show that gates with Schmidt rank three can generate output states ranging from fully separable to maximal GHZ-class states.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We characterize three-qubit controlled unitary gates of Schmidt rank three, establishing necessary and sufficient conditions for such gates to have Schmidt rank three. We construct explicit examples and analyze their entanglement capabilities, showing that gates with Schmidt rank three can generate output states ranging from fully separable to maximal GHZ-class states. Within this classification, we present a parameterized gate family that produces an output W-class state whose bipartite tangles for subsystems AB and AC are modulated as simple trigonometric functions of a single phase parameter. The examples also include gates implementable with only three CNOT gates, showing that this lower bound is achievable. Decompositions that achieve the minimum possible CNOT count for several other cases are provided as well. Our results bridge Schmidt rank classification, entanglement structure, and resource-efficient circuit synthesis.

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