Dual Agreement Consistency Learning for Semi-Supervised Fetal Ultrasound Segmentation

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.25254v1
• Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:26:00 GMT
• Title: Dual Agreement Consistency Learning for Semi-Supervised Fetal Ultrasound Segmentation
• Abstract summary: Maternal-fetal US is the primary imaging modality for monitoring fetal development.<n>We propose DACL, a semi-supervised framework for robust fetal US image segmentation.<n>Under 5% labeled data, DACL improves Dice by up to 2.77% and reduces HD95 by up to 14.69 mm compared with the strongest recent methods.
• Score: 13.963447554642885
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Maternal-fetal US is the primary imaging modality for monitoring fetal development, yet accurate automated segmentation remains challenging due to the scarcity of pixel-level annotations. To address this issue, we propose DACL, a semi-supervised framework for robust fetal US image segmentation. DACL jointly trains a deployment-oriented lightweight convolutional network (1.47\thinsp\mathrm{M} parameters) and a Transformer-based network, leveraging labeled data for supervised learning and unlabeled data via CPS. To enhance prediction stability, we introduce a dual-agreement consistency loss that couples pixel-wise probabilistic divergence with entropy-guided confidence alignment. Unlike conventional CPS methods that enforce agreement only at the prediction level, DACL explicitly regularizes both distributional alignment and uncertainty, thereby suppressing unreliable pseudo-labels and enabling stable cross-architecture pseudo-label learning under extreme annotation scarcity. Furthermore, an interpolation-based consistency strategy using mixup is applied to unlabeled samples to enhance robustness. Under 5% labeled data, DACL improves Dice by up to 2.77% and reduces HD95 by up to 14.69 mm compared with the strongest recent semi-supervised methods, demonstrating significant improvements in boundary accuracy on both fetal head and abdomen datasets. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of agreement-based consistency learning for annotation-efficient fetal US segmentation. Our code is on GitHub.

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