RADIO1D: Elastic Representations for Condensed Vision Modeling

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2607.03624v1
• Date: Fri, 03 Jul 2026 22:58:54 GMT
• Title: RADIO1D: Elastic Representations for Condensed Vision Modeling
• Abstract summary: This paper challenges the assumption that vision-language models (VLMs) require fixed patch-based 2D vision features.<n>We introduce RADIO1D, which compresses images into a compact, variable-length 1D token sequence using multi-teacher knowledge distillation and an autoencoder design.<n>The resulting representations exhibit strong hierarchical summarization, enabling accurate scene understanding - even with a single token - and support improved composition-aware image retrieval.
• Score: 69.84453279129937
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: This paper challenges the assumption that vision-language models (VLMs) require fixed patch-based 2D vision features. Analyzing fine-tuned vision encoders, we find that representations become increasingly abstract and less spatially coherent during VLM training. Notably, models trained with image-text alignment (such as SigLIP2) develop a small number of specialized tokens that effectively summarize global image content. Building on this, we introduce RADIO1D, which compresses images into a compact, variable-length 1D token sequence using multi-teacher knowledge distillation and an autoencoder design. The resulting representations exhibit strong hierarchical summarization, enabling accurate scene understanding - even with a single token - and support improved composition-aware image retrieval. In VLMs, RADIO1D provides flexible accuracy-efficiency tradeoffs through adjustable token counts, delivering competitive performance on diverse multimodal benchmarks with lower computational overhead and better accuracy.

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