The Geometry of Semantic Space: A Continuous Geometric Framework for the Transformer Architecture

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2607.17146v1
• Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:08:51 GMT
• Title: The Geometry of Semantic Space: A Continuous Geometric Framework for the Transformer Architecture
• Abstract summary: We present a continuous framework that models the discrete operations of the Transformer architecture as an integro-differential equation (IDE) on a fiber bundle.<n>We conduct a six-part experimental campaign spanning $124$M to $8$B parameters.<n>The results demonstrate that analyzing Transformers through the lens of differential geometry provides a descriptive vocabulary for large language models.
• Score: 0.7310043452300737
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We present a continuous geometric framework that models the discrete algebraic operations of the Transformer architecture as an integro-differential equation (IDE) on a semantic fiber bundle $\calE = \calM \times \R^d$. Beginning from a single geometric axiom -- that the token sequence forms a discrete $1$-manifold equipped with a canonical measure lattice -- we translate every core component of the modern Transformer (RMSNorm, RoPE, Softmax Attention, FFN, Residual Stream, SGD, Weight Decay) into a cohesive vocabulary of differential geometry, measure theory, and stochastic calculus. The resulting framework yields quantitative predictions spanning entropic optimal transport (Attention as a Schrödinger bridge) and non-equilibrium thermodynamics (SGD as Itô diffusion violating detailed balance). We conduct a six-part experimental campaign across five architectures (Qwen3, LLaMA\nobreakdash-3.1, Gemma\nobreakdash-3, GPT-2, Mistral) spanning $124$M to $8$B parameters. The empirical observables are quantitatively consistent with the geometric predictions: the $ε^{-1/2}$ Lipschitz scaling calibration at machine precision ($R^2 = 1.000$), the Lie--Trotter operator-splitting torsion, the symmetric ablation instability confirming the Dual-Law of Topological Stability, the $\calO(1/\sqrt{k})$ thermodynamic suppression of Poincaré recurrence on the RoPE torus, the thermodynamic context-limit phase transition, and the Non-Equilibrium Steady State parameter vortex -- verified across two optimizers (AdamW and Pure SGD) to exclude momentum artifacts. The results demonstrate that analyzing Transformers through the lens of continuous stochastic differential geometry provides a predictive descriptive vocabulary for the stability limits, context bounds, and optimization dynamics of Large Language Models.

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