Bridging the Epistemic Gap in the Invisible Internet: Extended Mathematical Modeling and Empirical Characterization of I2P Topology

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2607.23825v1
• Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2026 20:18:02 GMT
• Title: Bridging the Epistemic Gap in the Invisible Internet: Extended Mathematical Modeling and Empirical Characterization of I2P Topology
• Abstract summary: The Invisible Internet Project (I2P) is a decentralized, peer-to-peer network underpinning secure and adversarial communications with major implications for cybersecurity and national security.<n>Prior models based on protocol documentation failed to capture real-world behavior.<n>We close this gap with an Extended Mathematical Model (EMM) derived from production code and validated on a six-router, geographically distributed testbed over thirty days.<n>Results reveal limited router visibility (25% of nodes), relativistic tier allocations, strong Fast-tier tunnel preference, and overrepresented High Capacity-tier exploratory tunnels.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The Invisible Internet Project (I2P) is a decentralized, peer-to-peer network underpinning secure and adversarial communications with major implications for cybersecurity and national security. Its global topology emerges from thousands of independent peer-selection decisions, producing a hub-dominated, complex structure that resists external observation. Prior models based on protocol documentation failed to capture real-world behavior. We close this gap with an Extended Mathematical Model (EMM) derived from production code and validated on a six-router, geographically distributed testbed over thirty days. Results reveal limited router visibility (~25% of nodes), relativistic tier allocations, strong Fast-tier tunnel preference, and overrepresented High Capacity-tier exploratory tunnels. The model accurately predicts emergent topological asymmetries and defines the adversarial resources required to compromise privacy, providing a principled foundation for cyber deterrence and secure decentralized network design.

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