Related papers: Role of flavor degrees of freedom in quantum simulations of disorder-free localization

Role of flavor degrees of freedom in quantum simulations of disorder-free localization

URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2607.26156v1
Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2026 18:02:00 GMT
Title: Role of flavor degrees of freedom in quantum simulations of disorder-free localization
Abstract summary: We investigate how the local spectrum of static variables controls localization in a flavor-extended $mathbb Z$ lattice gauge theory.<n>For $n=2$, apparent localization gives way to thermalization; the long-lived transient arises from energy-scale separation, degenerate spectral towers, and approximate Hilbert-space fragmentation.<n>Our results show that, despite its larger variance, binary disorder lacks the local amplitude diversity needed to suppress resonances.
Score: 0.0028001975341488856
License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Abstract: A recent \texttt{Google Quantum AI} experiment [\href{https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr9680}{Gyawali \textit{et al.}, Science \textbf{393}, 71 (2026)}] has exploited quantum parallelism to emulate disorder-averaged many-body dynamics, with conserved local degrees of freedom generating an effective disorder potential. We investigate how the local spectrum of these static variables controls localization in a flavor-extended ${\mathbb Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory, which maps onto a mixed-field Ising chain with $n$-level bond disorder. Combining finite-size spectral and entanglement diagnostics with infinite matrix-product state dynamics, we find a qualitative distinction between binary and multilevel disorder. For $n=2$, apparent localization ultimately gives way to thermalization; the long-lived transient arises from energy-scale separation, degenerate spectral towers, and approximate Hilbert-space fragmentation. By contrast, $n=4$ displays consistent localization signatures, including Poissonian level statistics, area-law eigenstate entanglement, nonthermal entanglement spectra, and persistent local memory over accessible times in the thermodynamic limit. Our results show that, despite its larger variance, binary disorder lacks the local amplitude diversity needed to suppress resonances. Thus, localization is governed not simply by disorder strength, but by the local disorder spectrum and the resulting resonant connectivity of the many-body Hilbert space.

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