Beyond Fixed Luminance: Towards Panchromatic and Orthochromatic Image Colorization

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2608.10798v2
• Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 17:35:05 GMT
• Title: Beyond Fixed Luminance: Towards Panchromatic and Orthochromatic Image Colorization
• Abstract summary: We propose a luminance-agnostic colorization framework that formulates colorization as full-RGB image editing.<n>Experiments on COCO, ImageNet, and a multi-instance benchmark show that our method is competitive on standard grayscale inputs.
• Score: 29.03876036090772
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Most image colorization systems operate in $Lab$ space by predicting chroma ($ab$) while preserving an input-derived luminance channel ($L$). While effective on standard benchmarks, this fixed-luminance design restricts brightness changes and becomes unreliable when grayscale formation deviates from natural-image luminance, as in historical orthochromatic photography. We propose a luminance-agnostic colorization framework that formulates colorization as full-RGB image editing using a foundation image-editing model. To bridge modern panchromatic and historical orthochromatic conditions, we introduce a mixed grayscale objective that trains the model under both standard luminance grayscale and a red-insensitive grayscale formation. Experiments on COCO, ImageNet, and a multi-instance benchmark show that our method is competitive on standard grayscale inputs and substantially more robust under orthochromatic inputs, with qualitative comparisons and a human study indicating fewer visible color artifacts.

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