A Remote Approach to Cashew Orchard Detection: Leveraging Active Learning with Satellite Imagery in Guinea-Bissau

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2608.11996v2
• Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 21:26:05 GMT
• Title: A Remote Approach to Cashew Orchard Detection: Leveraging Active Learning with Satellite Imagery in Guinea-Bissau
• Abstract summary: Cashew production is a widespread economic activity in Guinea-Bissau, as well as other countries in West Africa.<n>There is no nationwide database for listing or georeferencing cashew orchards, so there is a clear need to remotely map their locations.<n>This work develops a scalable and cost-effective remote approach, based on Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, using Machine Learning techniques to detect cashew orchards automatically.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Cashew production is a widespread economic activity in Guinea-Bissau, as well as other countries in West Africa. However, unregulated cashew production can be directly associated with increasing regionwide deforestation rates, biodiversity losses, and a fragile economic structure. There is no nationwide database for listing or georeferencing cashew orchards, so there is a clear need to remotely map their locations. In recent years, multiple methods for detecting orchards have been developed, though they have only been applied on a regional level. This work expands regional analyses to a nationwide scale. It develops a scalable and cost-effective remote approach, based on Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, using Machine Learning techniques to detect cashew orchards automatically. Margin-based Active Learning techniques were employed to develop an optimal training set in terms of the number of points and their informativeness, leading to a cashew map with 94.0% balanced accuracy obtained entirely off-site. We created two datasets and a 2021 cashew map with 10m spatial resolution that are openly accessible through GitHub. The results demonstrate the possibility of a broader cashew orchard mapping, creating a new stepping stone for this environmental application.

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