Genuine Tripartite Entanglement Selects Gauge-Invariant Theories

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2608.18732v1
• Date: Wed, 19 Aug 2026 09:35:43 GMT
• Title: Genuine Tripartite Entanglement Selects Gauge-Invariant Theories
• Abstract summary: We study whether physical constants and symmetries can be selected by extremizing bipartite entanglement entropy.<n>We find that the GTE-based analysis uniquely identifies the gauge-invariant and diffeomorphism-invariant theories as those that suppress the GTE.<n>This result suggests a nontrivial connection between tripartite entanglement and the gauge and diffeomorphism symmetries of fundamental interactions.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Recent studies have explored whether physical constants and symmetries can be selected by extremizing bipartite entanglement entropy. We extend this approach to a three-particle setting. Specifically, we consider a $2+1$-particle system in which particles $B$ and $C$ are initially entangled, and then particles $A$ and $B$ scatter without the direct participation of particle $C$ for both gluon-gluon and graviton-graviton scatterings. Using angular expansions around the forward and backward scattering limits, we analyze bipartite entanglement in the corresponding two-particle system of $A$ and $B$ and two measures of genuine tripartite entanglement (GTE), the concurrence fill and the generalized geometric measure (GGM), in the three-particle system. As is already known, the bipartite entanglement provides no universal criterion for selecting the symmetry-preserving theory: depending on the initial helicities, it may either maximize or minimize the entanglement entropy. By contrast, we find that the GTE-based analysis uniquely identifies the gauge-invariant and diffeomorphism-invariant theories as those that suppress the GTE in gluon-gluon and graviton-graviton scatterings, respectively. This result suggests a nontrivial connection between tripartite entanglement and the gauge and diffeomorphism symmetries of fundamental interactions.

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