LF-GICP: Parameter-Free Degeneracy-Aware LiDAR Odometry via a Voxel-Normal Localizability Field

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2608.19522v1
• Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:36:24 GMT
• Title: LF-GICP: Parameter-Free Degeneracy-Aware LiDAR Odometry via a Voxel-Normal Localizability Field
• Abstract summary: Scan-to-map LiDAR odometry drifts unbounded along the unobservable axes of geometrically degenerate environments.<n>We show that in voxelized GICP the Gauss--Newton (GN) Hessian masks translational degeneracy, because covariance regularization keeps the translation block artificially well-conditioned.<n>We bypass this with a regularization-free voxel-normal localizability field and two of its statistics.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Scan-to-map LiDAR odometry drifts unboundedly along the unobservable axes of geometrically degenerate environments like tunnels and corridors, and existing degeneracy handling requires environment-specific parameter tuning. This paper presents a parameter-free approach. We show that in voxelized GICP the Gauss--Newton (GN) Hessian masks translational degeneracy, because covariance regularization keeps the translation block artificially well-conditioned. We bypass this with a regularization-free voxel-normal localizability field and two of its statistics: a normalized fraction $f_0$ detecting directional anisotropy, and an absolute per-voxel mass $λ_0$ distinguishing information absence (tunnels) from dilution (dense open scenes). A temporal-median gate combines both to trigger Fisher-information correspondence weighting. Calibrated once by fixed rules on two short sequences and then frozen, LF-GICP achieves the lowest KITTI relative translation error ($0.865\%$) under an identical evaluation protocol against re-run baselines, outperforms them on GEODE tunnels and MulRan, leads the HeLiPR mean, and generalizes across four sensor types without re-tuning. We further demonstrate empirically that straight, uniform tunnels remain unobservable along their axis for LiDAR-only registration.

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