Task-space model-based control of pneumatic soft actuators

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2608.27186v1
• Date: Thu, 27 Aug 2026 14:32:07 GMT
• Title: Task-space model-based control of pneumatic soft actuators
• Abstract summary: Soft actuators enable dexterous and compliant interaction, but closed-loop task-space control remains challenging.<n>This paper presents a real-time dynamic-model-based task-space feedback and estimation framework based on a non-minimal coordinate discrete elastic rod model.<n>Results demonstrate that structured, non-minimal dynamic models can enable real-time, high-precision, moderate-bandwidth task-space control of planar soft pneumatic actuators in free space.
• Score: 1.3707825707652799
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Soft actuators enable dexterous and compliant interaction, but closed-loop task-space control remains challenging due to strong nonlinearities, distributed deformation, and uncertainty in their dynamics. This paper presents a real-time dynamic-model-based task-space feedback and estimation framework based on a non-minimal coordinate discrete elastic rod model formulated in absolute coordinates with holonomic constraints. The resulting structure preserves distributed mechanics while maintaining computational efficiency through sparse system matrices, enabling real-time control with up to 10 discretized rods. A quasi-static feedforward inverse model is combined with a task-space PI controller and a dynamic observer that fuses measurement residuals as virtual forces, enabling full-state estimation from sparse sensing. The approach is experimentally validated on three planar pneumatic soft actuators with varying geometries. Across five tasks, including drawing the digits 0-9 across the workspace (3-18 mm/s tip speed), tracking periodic motion (up to 37 cm/s), cross-platform generalization, reduced sensing conditions, and real-time user-defined references, our method achieves 1.5-2.3 mm root mean square error (RMSE) for precision motions and 5.5-12.4 mm RMSE at 1-2 Hz. Results demonstrate that structured, non-minimal dynamic models can enable real-time, high-precision, moderate-bandwidth task-space control of planar soft pneumatic actuators in free space.

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