Schwarz: Solver-Aware Agentic Program Verification

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2608.30803v1
• Date: Mon, 31 Aug 2026 13:54:48 GMT
• Title: Schwarz: Solver-Aware Agentic Program Verification
• Abstract summary: Schwarz is an agentic verification harness that makes SMT-backed proof failure local, checkable, and repairable.<n>We implement Schwarz for C and Rust/Verus and evaluate it on 1,475 tasks.
• Score: 1.9215527229034466
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Agentic verification systems can often generate source-level specifications that look plausible, but plausibility is not enough: the verifier must still turn those specifications into SMT obligations that the solver can prove. When this step fails, current LLM-driven loops usually expose only a coarse verifier error, timeout, or unknown solver result. The model cannot tell whether the specification is wrong, a helper lemma is missing, the proof context contains irrelevant facts, or the obligation needs a different theory view. This paper presents Schwarz, an agentic verification harness that makes SMT-backed proof failure local, checkable, and repairable. Schwarz turns failed verification into obligation-local repair tasks: program-point snapshots expose checked facts at a boundary, local lemmas let the agent propose missing proof steps, and theory-aware solver policies guide the agent toward solver-friendly formulations for numeric, quantified, memory, and floating-point obligations. We implement Schwarz for C and Rust/Verus and evaluate it on 1,475 tasks. On 475 benchmarks from recent agentic verification tools, Schwarz solves 95.2% of the tasks. On 1,000 tasks from the SV-COMP 2026 ReachSafety track, averaging 1,427 LOC, Schwarz solves 91.5% of the tasks, compared with 60.1% for CPAchecker. Ablations and comparison with a pure-agent baseline show that solver-aware repair is effective and scalable.

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