Candidate Generation and Definition-Guided Verification for Sentence-Level Depression Symptom Recognition

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2609.01833v1
• Date: Tue, 01 Sep 2026 20:08:03 GMT
• Title: Candidate Generation and Definition-Guided Verification for Sentence-Level Depression Symptom Recognition
• Abstract summary: Sentence-level recognition of depression symptoms is challenging because similar expressions can differ in symptom relevance.<n>This study proposes a two-stage framework separating symptom-candidate generation from definition-grounded verification.
• Score: 8.828506397708109
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Sentence-level recognition of depression symptoms is challenging because similar expressions can differ in symptom relevance, and language-model inference is insufficiently grounded in diagnostic definitions. This study proposes a two-stage framework separating symptom-candidate generation from definition-grounded verification. A contrastively fine-tuned sentence encoder generates a symptom candidate per sentence, and a fine-tuned language model verifies whether the candidate is present or absent using the sentence, its context, and a candidate-specific diagnostic definition, checking its judgment against that definition before answering. Evaluated against encoder, inference-based, medical, and general LLM baselines and a matched single-stage supervised classifier, the proposed pipeline attains the best accuracy and F1 scores of all methods, with rationales matching expert-authored annotations. A preliminary clinical audit indicates moderate alignment with diagnostic definitions, with explanation quality strongly dependent on prediction correctness. The results support decomposing symptom recognition into candidate generation and definition-grounded verification, though performance remains limited for rare categories.

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