Noise-aware derivative feedback of a harmonic oscillator under quantum-limited position measurement

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2609.13988v1
• Date: Sat, 12 Sep 2026 15:02:32 GMT
• Title: Noise-aware derivative feedback of a harmonic oscillator under quantum-limited position measurement
• Abstract summary: We study measurement-based feedback control of a damped harmonic oscillator.<n>For a band-limited derivative controller, the loop shapes the mechanical susceptibility and reinjects measurement noise.<n>We present a compact classical formulation that isolates this tradeoff in the closed-loop displacement spectrum.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We study measurement-based feedback control of a damped harmonic oscillator, motivated by optomechanical and interferometric position measurements, in which feedback is synthesized from a displacement measurement. For a band-limited derivative controller, the loop shapes the mechanical susceptibility and reinjects measurement noise, creating a tradeoff between stabilization and noise amplification. We present a compact classical formulation that isolates this tradeoff in the closed-loop displacement spectrum and identifies the parameters governing resonance suppression versus noise-driven actuation. We then extend the same topology to a quantum-limited position detector, enforcing the imprecision-backaction constraint and introducing finite measurement bandwidth that regularizes high-frequency noise reinjection and adds phase lag in the feedback path. In the high-$Q$ regime we obtain an analytic design rule for the optimal feedback gain at fixed controller and measurement bandwidths and compare it with full-spectrum calculations. The comparison shows that a high mechanical quality factor alone does not guarantee quantitative agreement: the accuracy of the near-resonant approximation depends strongly on the controller and measurement bandwidths. Because finite measurement bandwidth changes both the magnitude and phase of the feedback loop, the analysis separates the near-resonant damping contribution from imprecision-noise reinjection and shows that positive near-resonant feedback damping requires the product of the controller cutoff and measurement bandwidth to exceed the square of the mechanical resonance frequency. Finally, we present a dimensionless map of the gain-optimized high-$Q$ occupation and compare its predictions with full-spectrum optimization. All analytical gains evaluated in this map satisfy the full closed-loop stability criterion for these parameters.

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