Bell-inequality violation in light transmitted through disordered emitter ensembles

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2609.15575v1
• Date: Mon, 14 Sep 2026 13:48:36 GMT
• Title: Bell-inequality violation in light transmitted through disordered emitter ensembles
• Abstract summary: We show that light transmitted through a disordered ensemble of weakly coupled two-level emitters can violate a Bell inequality in a continuous-wave Franson-type measurement.<n>The Bell inequality violation appears in two distinct regimes, an antibunched regime where equal-time coincidences are suppressed and a bunched regime where photon pairs remain coherent phase.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We show that light transmitted through a disordered ensemble of weakly coupled two-level emitters can violate a Bell inequality in a continuous-wave Franson-type measurement. The Bell signal is determined by two steady-state output-field correlations, the equal-time intensity correlation $g^{(2)}(0)$ and the phase-sensitive two-photon coherence $R$. We compute these quantities for bidirectional propagation through disordered emitter ensembles using a fourth-order cumulant expansion of the many-body master equation. The resulting Bell inequality violation appears in two distinct regimes, an antibunched regime where equal-time coincidences are suppressed and a bunched regime where photon pairs remain phase coherent. Extrapolating the numerics to a representative weak single-emitter coupling $β=0.01$ predicts violation in the antibunched regime for atom numbers $N\simeq75$-$220$, and in the bunched regime for $N\gtrsim250$.

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