Differentiable Reasoning over a Virtual Knowledge Base

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.10640v1
• Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2020 03:13:32 GMT
• Title: Differentiable Reasoning over a Virtual Knowledge Base
• Authors: Bhuwan Dhingra, Manzil Zaheer, Vidhisha Balachandran, Graham Neubig, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, William W. Cohen
• Abstract summary: We consider the task of answering complex multi-hop questions using a corpus as a virtual knowledge base (KB) In particular, we describe a neural module, DrKIT, that traverses textual data like a KB, softly following paths of relations between mentions of entities in the corpus. DrKIT is very efficient, processing 10-100x more queries per second than existing multi-hop systems.
• Score: 156.94984221342716
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We consider the task of answering complex multi-hop questions using a corpus as a virtual knowledge base (KB). In particular, we describe a neural module, DrKIT, that traverses textual data like a KB, softly following paths of relations between mentions of entities in the corpus. At each step the module uses a combination of sparse-matrix TFIDF indices and a maximum inner product search (MIPS) on a special index of contextual representations of the mentions. This module is differentiable, so the full system can be trained end-to-end using gradient based methods, starting from natural language inputs. We also describe a pretraining scheme for the contextual representation encoder by generating hard negative examples using existing knowledge bases. We show that DrKIT improves accuracy by 9 points on 3-hop questions in the MetaQA dataset, cutting the gap between text-based and KB-based state-of-the-art by 70%. On HotpotQA, DrKIT leads to a 10% improvement over a BERT-based re-ranking approach to retrieving the relevant passages required to answer a question. DrKIT is also very efficient, processing 10-100x more queries per second than existing multi-hop systems.

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