The coset construction for particles of arbitrary spin
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11191v1
- Date: Wed, 21 Oct 2020 18:00:00 GMT
- Title: The coset construction for particles of arbitrary spin
- Authors: Michael J. Landry and Guanhao Sun
- Abstract summary: When a system spontaneously breaks Poincar'e symmetry, excitations that satisfy Goldstone's theorem can be quite unusual.
We propose a novel coset construction for systems that spontaneously break Poincar'e symmetry.
We derive a novel action for such particles and find a spin-orbital' coupling between the intrinsic quantum spin and the physical-rotation degrees of freedom.
- Score: 0.0
- License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
- Abstract: When a Poincar\'e-invariant system spontaneously breaks continuous internal
symmetries, Goldstones's theorem demands the existence of massless, spin-zero
excitations in a one-to-one correspondence with the broken symmetry generators.
When a system spontaneously breaks Poincar\'e symmetry, however, the kinds of
excitations that satisfy Goldstone's theorem can be quite unusual. In
particular, they may have any spin and need not be particles or even
quasiparticles. The standard coset construction used to formulate effective
actions of Goldstones, however, is rather restrictive and is incapable of
generating the full spectrum of possibilities allowed by Goldstone's theorem.
We propose a (partial) remedy to this problem by postulating a novel coset
construction for systems that spontaneously break Poincar\'e symmetry. This new
construction is capable of generating effective actions with a wide range of
Goldstone excitations---including fermionic degrees of freedom---even when all
symmetries are bosonic. To demonstrate it's utility, we focus on constructing
effective actions for point particles of various spins. We recover the known
result that a particle of spin $s$ requires an $\mathcal N=2s$ supersymmetric
worldline reparameterization gauge symmetry, which we implement at the level of
the coset construction. In the process, we discover that massless particles
require a novel kind of inverse Higgs constraint that bears some resemblance to
the dynamical inverse Higgs constraints that appear in certain fermi liquid
effective field theories. We then consider particles that, in addition to
quantum spin, have finite spatial extent and are free to rotate. We derive a
novel action for such particles and find a `spin-orbital' coupling between the
intrinsic quantum spin and the physical-rotation degrees of freedom.
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