Improved unsupervised physics-informed deep learning for intravoxel incoherent motion modeling and evaluation in pancreatic cancer patients

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.01689v2
• Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2021 16:38:11 GMT
• Title: Improved unsupervised physics-informed deep learning for intravoxel incoherent motion modeling and evaluation in pancreatic cancer patients
• Authors: Misha P.T. Kaandorp, Sebastiano Barbieri, Remy Klaassen, Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven, Hans Crezee, Peter T. While, Aart J. Nederveen, Oliver J. Gurney-Champion
• Abstract summary: Earlier work showed that IVIM-NET$_optim$ was more accurate than other state-of-the-art intravoxel-incoherent motion (IVIM) fitting approaches. This study presents an improved version: IVIM-NET$_optim$, and characterizes its superior performance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: ${\bf Purpose}$: Earlier work showed that IVIM-NET$_{orig}$, an unsupervised physics-informed deep neural network, was more accurate than other state-of-the-art intravoxel-incoherent motion (IVIM) fitting approaches to DWI. This study presents an improved version: IVIM-NET$_{optim}$, and characterizes its superior performance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. ${\bf Method}$: In simulations (SNR=20), the accuracy, independence and consistency of IVIM-NET were evaluated for combinations of hyperparameters (fit S0, constraints, network architecture, # hidden layers, dropout, batch normalization, learning rate), by calculating the NRMSE, Spearman's $\rho$, and the coefficient of variation (CV$_{NET}$), respectively. The best performing network, IVIM-NET$_{optim}$ was compared to least squares (LS) and a Bayesian approach at different SNRs. IVIM-NET$_{optim}$'s performance was evaluated in 23 PDAC patients. 14 of the patients received no treatment between scan sessions and 9 received chemoradiotherapy between sessions. Intersession within-subject standard deviations (wSD) and treatment-induced changes were assessed. ${\bf Results}$: In simulations, IVIM-NET$_{optim}$ outperformed IVIM-NET$_{orig}$ in accuracy (NRMSE(D)=0.18 vs 0.20; NMRSE(f)=0.22 vs 0.27; NMRSE(D*)=0.39 vs 0.39), independence ($\rho$(D*,f)=0.22 vs 0.74) and consistency (CV$_{NET}$ (D)=0.01 vs 0.10; CV$_{NET}$ (f)=0.02 vs 0.05; CV$_{NET}$ (D*)=0.04 vs 0.11). IVIM-NET$_{optim}$ showed superior performance to the LS and Bayesian approaches at SNRs<50. In vivo, IVIM-NET$_{optim}$ sshowed significantly less noisy parameter maps with lower wSD for D and f than the alternatives. In the treated cohort, IVIM-NET$_{optim}$ detected the most individual patients with significant parameter changes compared to day-to-day variations. ${\bf Conclusion}$: IVIM-NET$_{optim}$ is recommended for IVIM fitting to DWI data.

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