Sending or not sending twin-field quantum key distribution with
distinguishable decoy states
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.11283v2
- Date: Sun, 7 Feb 2021 05:33:42 GMT
- Title: Sending or not sending twin-field quantum key distribution with
distinguishable decoy states
- Authors: Yi-Fei Lu, Mu-Sheng Jiang, Yang Wang, Xiao-Xu Zhang, Fan Liu, Chun
Zhou, Hong-Wei Li, Wan-Su Bao
- Abstract summary: We find the external modulation of different intensity states through the test, required in those TF-QKD with post-phase compensation, shows a side channel in frequency domain.
We propose a complete and undetected eavesdropping attack, named passive frequency shift attack, on sending or not-sending TF-QKD protocol.
Our results emphasize the importance of practical security at source and might provide a valuable reference for the practical implementation of TF-QKD.
- Score: 10.66830089114367
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Abstract: Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) and its variants can overcome
the fundamental rate-distance limit of QKD which has been demonstrated in the
laboratory and field while their physical implementations with side channels
remains to be further researched. We find the external modulation of different
intensity states through the test, required in those TF-QKD with post-phase
compensation, shows a side channel in frequency domain. Based on this, we
propose a complete and undetected eavesdropping attack, named passive frequency
shift attack, on sending or not-sending (SNS) TF-QKD protocol given any
difference between signal and decoy states in frequency domain which can be
extended to other imperfections with distinguishable decoy states. We analyze
this attack by giving the formula of upper bound of real secure key rate and
comparing it with lower bound of secret key rate under Alice and Bob's
estimation with the consideration of actively odd-parity pairing (AOPP) method
and finite key effects. The simulation results show that Eve can get full
information about the secret key bits without being detected at long distance.
Our results emphasize the importance of practical security at source and might
provide a valuable reference for the practical implementation of TF-QKD.
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