Hidden Cosets and Applications to Unclonable Cryptography

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.05692v3
• Date: Thu, 14 Jul 2022 16:12:50 GMT
• Title: Hidden Cosets and Applications to Unclonable Cryptography
• Authors: Andrea Coladangelo and Jiahui Liu and Qipeng Liu and Mark Zhandry
• Abstract summary: We study a generalization of hidden subspace states to hidden coset states (first introduced by Aaronson and Christiano [STOC '12]). We explore unclonable properties of coset states and several applications.
• Score: 15.248351992500078
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: In this work, we study a generalization of hidden subspace states to hidden coset states (first introduced by Aaronson and Christiano [STOC '12]). This notion was considered independently by Vidick and Zhang [Eurocrypt '21], in the context of proofs of quantum knowledge from quantum money schemes. We explore unclonable properties of coset states and several applications: - We show that assuming indistinguishability obfuscation (iO), hidden coset states possess a certain direct product hardness property, which immediately implies a tokenized signature scheme in the plain model. Previously, it was known only relative to an oracle, from a work of Ben-David and Sattath [QCrypt '17]. - Combining a tokenized signature scheme with extractable witness encryption, we give a construction of an unclonable decryption scheme in the plain model. The latter primitive was recently proposed by Georgiou and Zhandry [ePrint '20], who gave a construction relative to a classical oracle. - We conjecture that coset states satisfy a certain natural (information-theoretic) monogamy-of-entanglement property. Assuming this conjecture is true, we remove the requirement for extractable witness encryption in our unclonable decryption construction, by relying instead on compute-and-compare obfuscation for the class of unpredictable distributions. This conjecture was later proved by Culf and Vidick in a follow-up work. - Finally, we give a construction of a copy-protection scheme for pseudorandom functions (PRFs) in the plain model. Our scheme is secure either assuming iO, OWF, and extractable witness encryption, or assuming iO, OWF, compute-and-compare obfuscation for the class of unpredictable distributions, and the conjectured monogamy property mentioned above. This is the first example of a copy-protection scheme with provable security in the plain model for a class of functions that is not evasive.

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