Thermometric machine for ultraprecise thermometry of low temperatures

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.10469v2
• Date: Wed, 6 Oct 2021 00:50:24 GMT
• Title: Thermometric machine for ultraprecise thermometry of low temperatures
• Authors: Ivan Henao, Karen V. Hovhannisyan, and Raam Uzdin
• Abstract summary: We present a thermometric scheme that does not thermalize with the sample whose temperature is measured. This is made possible thanks to a suitable interaction that couples the probe to the sample and to an auxiliary thermal bath known to be at a higher temperature. We numerically illustrate an extreme reduction in the number of measurements to attain a given precision.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Thermal equilibrium states are exponentially hard to distinguish at very low temperatures, making equilibrium quantum thermometry in this regime a formidable task. We present a thermometric scheme that circumvents this limitation, by using a two-level probe that does not thermalize with the sample whose temperature is measured. This is made possible thanks to a suitable interaction that couples the probe to the sample and to an auxiliary thermal bath known to be at a higher temperature. Provided a reasonable upper bound on the temperature of the sample, the resulting 'thermometric machine' drives the probe towards a steady state whose signal-to-noise ratio can achieve values as high as $\mathcal{O}(1/T)$. We also characterize the transient state of the probe and numerically illustrate an extreme reduction in the number of measurements to attain a given precision, as compared to optimal measurements on a thermalized probe.

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