Non-equilibrium pre-thermal states in a two-dimensional photon fluid

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.07399v2
• Date: Mon, 4 Apr 2022 09:28:20 GMT
• Title: Non-equilibrium pre-thermal states in a two-dimensional photon fluid
• Authors: Murad Abuzarli, Nicolas Cherroret, Tom Bienaim\'e, Quentin Glorieux
• Abstract summary: We observe the formation of a pre-thermal state in a non-equilibrium, two-dimensional (2D) fluid of light after an interaction quench. Results suggest the existence of non-equilibrium precursors for thermodynamic phase transitions.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Thermalization is the dynamical process by which a many-body system evolves toward a thermal equilibrium state that maximizes its entropy. In certain cases, however, the establishment of thermal equilibrium is significantly slowed down and a phenomenon of pre-thermalization can emerge. It describes the initial relaxation toward a quasi-steady state after a perturbation. While having similar properties to their thermal counterparts, pre-thermal states exhibit a partial memory of initial conditions. Here, we observe the dynamical formation of a pre-thermal state in a non-equilibrium, two-dimensional (2D) fluid of light after an interaction quench. Direct measurements of the fluid's first-order correlation function reveal the spontaneous emergence of long-range algebraic correlations spreading within a light-cone, providing a clear signature of a quasi steady-state strongly similar to a 2D thermal superfluid. Detailed experimental characterization of the algebraic order is presented and a partial memory of the initial conditions is demonstrated, in agreement with recent theoretical predictions. Furthermore, by a controlled increase of the fluid fluctuations, we unveil a cross-over from algebraic to short-range (exponential) correlations, analogous to the celebrated Kosterlitz-Thouless transition observed at thermal equilibrium. These results suggest the existence of non-equilibrium precursors for thermodynamic phase transitions.

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