Strongly dipolar gases in a one-dimensional lattice: Bloch oscillations and matter-wave localization

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.03280v1
• Date: Fri, 6 May 2022 15:05:36 GMT
• Title: Strongly dipolar gases in a one-dimensional lattice: Bloch oscillations and matter-wave localization
• Authors: G. Natale, T. Bland, S. Gschwendtner, L. Lafforgue, D. S. Gr\"un, A. Patscheider, M. J. Mark, F. Ferlaino
• Abstract summary: Adding a one-dimensional optical lattice creates a platform where quantum fluctuations are still unexplored. We employ Bloch oscillations as an interferometric tool to assess the role quantum fluctuations play in an array of quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. Long-lived oscillations are observed when the chemical potential is balanced between sites, in a region where a macrodroplet is extended over several lattice sites.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Three-dimensional quantum gases of strongly dipolar atoms can undergo a crossover from a dilute gas to a dense macrodroplet, stabilized by quantum fluctuations. Adding a one-dimensional optical lattice creates a platform where quantum fluctuations are still unexplored, and a rich variety of new phases may be observable. We employ Bloch oscillations as an interferometric tool to assess the role quantum fluctuations play in an array of quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. Long-lived oscillations are observed when the chemical potential is balanced between sites, in a region where a macrodroplet is extended over several lattice sites. Further, we observe a transition to a state that is localized to a single lattice plane$-$driven purely by interactions$-$marked by the disappearance of the interference pattern in the momentum distribution. To describe our observations, we develop a discrete one-dimensional extended Gross-Pitaevskii theory, including quantum fluctuations and a variational approach for the on-site wavefunction. This model is in quantitative agreement with the experiment, revealing the existence of single and multisite macrodroplets, and signatures of a two-dimensional bright soliton.

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