Variational versus perturbative relativistic energies for small and light atomic and molecular systems

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.11681v2
• Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2022 17:23:37 GMT
• Title: Variational versus perturbative relativistic energies for small and light atomic and molecular systems
• Authors: D\'avid Ferenc, P\'eter Jeszenszki, and Edit M\'atyus
• Abstract summary: Variational and perturbative relativistic energies are computed and compared for two-electron atoms and molecules with low nuclear charge numbers. Remaining deviations can be attributed to higher-order relativistic, also called non-radiative quantum electrodynamics (QED) Resummation provided by the variational procedure is important already for intermediate nuclear charge numbers.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Variational and perturbative relativistic energies are computed and compared for two-electron atoms and molecules with low nuclear charge numbers. In general, good agreement of the two approaches is observed. Remaining deviations can be attributed to higher-order relativistic, also called non-radiative quantum electrodynamics (QED), corrections of the perturbative approach that are automatically included in the variational solution of the no-pair Dirac$-$Coulomb$-$Breit (DCB) equation to all orders of the $\alpha$ fine-structure constant. The analysis of the polynomial $\alpha$ dependence of the DCB energy makes it possible to determine the leading-order relativistic correction to the non-relativistic energy to high precision without regularization. Contributions from the Breit$-$Pauli Hamiltonian, for which expectation values converge slowly due the singular terms, are implicitly included in the variational procedure. The $\alpha$ dependence of the no-pair DCB energy shows that the higher-order ($\alpha^4 E_\mathrm{h}$) non-radiative QED correction is 5 % of the leading-order ($\alpha^3 E_\mathrm{h}$) non-radiative QED correction for $Z=2$ (He), but it is 40 % already for $Z=4$ (Be$^{2+}$), which indicates that resummation provided by the variational procedure is important already for intermediate nuclear charge numbers.

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