Knowledge Injected Prompt Based Fine-tuning for Multi-label Few-shot ICD Coding

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03304v1
• Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2022 03:25:58 GMT
• Title: Knowledge Injected Prompt Based Fine-tuning for Multi-label Few-shot ICD Coding
• Authors: Zhichao Yang, Shufan Wang, Bhanu Pratap Singh Rawat, Avijit Mitra, Hong Yu
• Abstract summary: This study addresses the long-tail challenge by adapting a prompt-based fine-tuning technique with label semantics. Experiments on MIMIC-III-full, a benchmark dataset of code assignment, show that our proposed method outperforms previous state-of-art method in 14.5% in marco F1. Our model improves marco F1 from 17.1 to 30.4 and micro F1 from 17.2 to 32.6 compared to previous method.
• Score: 7.8183215844641
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Automatic International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding aims to assign multiple ICD codes to a medical note with average length of 3,000+ tokens. This task is challenging due to a high-dimensional space of multi-label assignment (tens of thousands of ICD codes) and the long-tail challenge: only a few codes (common diseases) are frequently assigned while most codes (rare diseases) are infrequently assigned. This study addresses the long-tail challenge by adapting a prompt-based fine-tuning technique with label semantics, which has been shown to be effective under few-shot setting. To further enhance the performance in medical domain, we propose a knowledge-enhanced longformer by injecting three domain-specific knowledge: hierarchy, synonym, and abbreviation with additional pretraining using contrastive learning. Experiments on MIMIC-III-full, a benchmark dataset of code assignment, show that our proposed method outperforms previous state-of-the-art method in 14.5% in marco F1 (from 10.3 to 11.8, P<0.001). To further test our model on few-shot setting, we created a new rare diseases coding dataset, MIMIC-III-rare50, on which our model improves marco F1 from 17.1 to 30.4 and micro F1 from 17.2 to 32.6 compared to previous method.

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