Related papers: Violation of Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis in Quantum Field Theories with Higher-Form Symmetry

Violation of Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis in Quantum Field Theories with Higher-Form Symmetry

URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.04984v2
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 2023 15:25:26 GMT
Title: Violation of Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis in Quantum Field Theories with Higher-Form Symmetry
Authors: Osamu Fukushima, Ryusuke Hamazaki
Abstract summary: We show that a higher-form symmetry in a $(d+1)$-dimensional quantum field theory leads to the breakdown of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. For higher-form (i.e., $pgeq 1$) symmetry, this indicates the absence of thermalization for lattice observables that are non-local but much smaller than the whole system size.
Score: 0.0
License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Abstract: We elucidate how the presence of higher-form symmetries affects the dynamics of thermalization in isolated quantum systems. Under reasonable assumptions, we analytically show that a $p$-form symmetry in a $(d+1)$-dimensional quantum field theory leads to the breakdown of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis for many nontrivial $(d-p)$-dimensional observables. For higher-form (i.e., $p\geq 1$) symmetry, this indicates the absence of thermalization for observables that are non-local but much smaller than the whole system size. We numerically demonstrate this argument for the (2+1)-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory. While local observables such as the plaquette operator thermalize, the non-local observable exciting a magnetic dipole instead relaxes to the generalized Gibbs ensemble that takes account of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ 1-form symmetry.

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