Non-Diffracting Polarisation Features around Far-Field Zeros of Electromagnetic Radiation

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.03278v2
• Date: Tue, 9 Jan 2024 20:51:45 GMT
• Title: Non-Diffracting Polarisation Features around Far-Field Zeros of Electromagnetic Radiation
• Authors: Alex J. Vernon, Andrew Kille, Francisco J. Rodr\'iguez-Fortu\~no, and Andrei Afanasev
• Abstract summary: Polarisation becomes paraxial in the far field limit. longitudinal field cannot be ignored when transverse field components vanish. We show that a transverse field zero is always accompanied by non-diffracting polarisation structures.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Light from any physical source diffracts over space, as spherical wavefronts grow and energy density is spread out. Diffractive effects pose fundamental limits to light-based technologies, including communications, spectroscopy, and metrology. Polarisation becomes paraxial in the far field limit and, by ignoring longitudinal field components, the rich physics of non-paraxial fields which exist in near-fields or a beam's tight focus are lost. The longitudinal field cannot, however, be ignored when transverse field components vanish (in a transverse field zero) and carry a small non-paraxial region to infinity. We show that a transverse field zero is always accompanied by non-diffracting polarisation structures, whose geometries are independent of the distance to the source, including an enclosing intensity ratio tube, and parallel, non-diverging polarisation singularities. We illustrate these features in multipole radiation and in double slit interference, two examples which have time-fixed transverse field zeros. Non-diffracting structures with changing position are coupled to time-varying zeros, which are present in all far field radiation.

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