$^{174}\mathrm{Yb}^+$-$^{113}\mathrm{Cd}^+$ sympathetic-cooling bi-species Coulomb crystal applied to microwave frequency standard

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2307.01656v1
• Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2023 11:29:45 GMT
• Title: $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}^+$-$^{113}\mathrm{Cd}^+$ sympathetic-cooling bi-species Coulomb crystal applied to microwave frequency standard
• Authors: Y Zheng, H. R. Qin, S. N. Miao, N. C. Xin, Y. T. Chen, J. Z. Han, J. W. Zhang, and L. J. Wang
• Abstract summary: Bi-species Coulomb crystal comprises $174mathrmYb+$-$113mathrmCd+$ ions as coolant. Results indicate using $174mathrmYb+$ as coolant ions for $113mathrmCd+$ is far superior.
• Score: 0.11242503819703256
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We reported the realization of a $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}^+$-$^{113}\mathrm{Cd}^+$ bi-species Coulomb crystal comprising $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}^+$ ions as coolant and verified its potential for application as a $^{113}\mathrm{Cd}^+$ microwave frequency standard employing sympathetic cooling.The two species of massive ions stably trapped in a Paul trap make up this large two-component crystal. The $^{113}\mathrm{Cd}^+$ ions are trapped in the center, which reduces considerably RF heating and excess micromotion to which the $^{113}\mathrm{Cd}^+$ ions are subjected. Under this scheme, the uncertainty due to the second-order Doppler effect is reduced to $5\times10^{-16}$, which represents an order of magnitude improvement over sympathetic cooled $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}^+$-$^{113}\mathrm{Cd}^+$ crystal. The uncertainty from the second-order Zeeman effect, which contributes the largest uncertainty to the microwave-ion frequency standard, is reduced to $4\times10^{-16}$. The relevant AC Stark shift uncertainty is estimated to be $4\times10^{-19}$. These results indicate using $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}^+$ as coolant ions for $^{113}\mathrm{Cd}^+$ is far superior and confirm the feasibility of a sympathetic-cooled cadmium-ion microwave clock system employing a $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}^+$-$^{113}\mathrm{Cd}^+$ two-component crystal.

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