Has Sentiment Returned to the Pre-pandemic Level? A Sentiment Analysis Using U.S. College Subreddit Data from 2019 to 2022

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2309.08845v1
• Date: Sat, 16 Sep 2023 02:57:30 GMT
• Title: Has Sentiment Returned to the Pre-pandemic Level? A Sentiment Analysis Using U.S. College Subreddit Data from 2019 to 2022
• Authors: Tian Yan and Fang Liu
• Abstract summary: This study aims to explore how people's emotions have changed from the pre-pandemic to post-emergency period. We collected Reddit data in 2019 (pre-pandemic), 2020 (peak pandemic), 2021, and 2022 (late stages of pandemic, transitioning period to post-emergency period) from subreddits in 128 universities/colleges in the U.S. Our study findings suggest a partial recovery in the sentiment composition in the post-pandemic-emergency era.
• Score: 3.5966786737142304
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: As impact of COVID-19 pandemic winds down, both individuals and society gradually return to pre-pandemic activities. This study aims to explore how people's emotions have changed from the pre-pandemic during the pandemic to post-emergency period and whether it has returned to pre-pandemic level. We collected Reddit data in 2019 (pre-pandemic), 2020 (peak pandemic), 2021, and 2022 (late stages of pandemic, transitioning period to post-emergency period) from subreddits in 128 universities/colleges in the U.S., and a set of school-level characteristics. We predicted two sets of sentiments from a pre-trained Robustly Optimized BERT pre-training approach (RoBERTa) and graph attention network (GAT) that leverages both rich semantic and relational information among posted messages and then applied a logistic stacking method to obtain the final sentiment classification. After obtaining sentiment label for each message, we used a generalized linear mixed-effects model to estimate temporal trend in sentiment from 2019 to 2022 and how school-level factors may affect sentiment. Compared to the year 2019, the odds of negative sentiment in years 2020, 2021, and 2022 are 24%, 4.3%, and 10.3% higher, respectively, which are all statistically significant(adjusted $p$<0.05). Our study findings suggest a partial recovery in the sentiment composition in the post-pandemic-emergency era. The results align with common expectations and provide a detailed quantification of how sentiments have evolved from 2019 to 2022.

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