Causal Understanding of Why Users Share Hate Speech on Social Media
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.15772v1
- Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 12:17:48 GMT
- Title: Causal Understanding of Why Users Share Hate Speech on Social Media
- Authors: Dominique Geissler and Abdurahman Maarouf and Stefan Feuerriegel
- Abstract summary: We present a comprehensive, causal analysis of the user attributes that make users reshare hate speech.
We develop a novel, three-step causal framework.
We find that users with fewer followers, fewer friends, and fewer posts share more hate speech.
- Score: 23.128421664169654
- License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
- Abstract: Hate speech on social media threatens the mental and physical well-being of
individuals and is further responsible for real-world violence. An important
driver behind the spread of hate speech and thus why hateful posts can go viral
are reshares, yet little is known about why users reshare hate speech. In this
paper, we present a comprehensive, causal analysis of the user attributes that
make users reshare hate speech. However, causal inference from observational
social media data is challenging, because such data likely suffer from
selection bias, and there is further confounding due to differences in the
vulnerability of users to hate speech. We develop a novel, three-step causal
framework: (1) We debias the observational social media data by applying
inverse propensity scoring. (2) We use the debiased propensity scores to model
the latent vulnerability of users to hate speech as a latent embedding. (3) We
model the causal effects of user attributes on users' probability of sharing
hate speech, while controlling for the latent vulnerability of users to hate
speech. Compared to existing baselines, a particular strength of our framework
is that it models causal effects that are non-linear, yet still explainable. We
find that users with fewer followers, fewer friends, and fewer posts share more
hate speech. Younger accounts, in return, share less hate speech. Overall,
understanding the factors that drive users to share hate speech is crucial for
detecting individuals at risk of engaging in harmful behavior and for designing
effective mitigation strategies.
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