SED: A Simple Encoder-Decoder for Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2311.15537v2
• Date: Tue, 27 Feb 2024 10:59:30 GMT
• Title: SED: A Simple Encoder-Decoder for Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation
• Authors: Bin Xie, Jiale Cao, Jin Xie, Fahad Shahbaz Khan, Yanwei Pang
• Abstract summary: Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation strives to distinguish pixels into different semantic groups from an open set of categories. We propose a simple encoder-decoder, named SED, for open-vocabulary semantic segmentation. Our SED method achieves mIoU score of 31.6% on ADE20K with 150 categories at 82 millisecond ($ms$) per image on a single A6000.
• Score: 91.91385816767057
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation strives to distinguish pixels into different semantic groups from an open set of categories. Most existing methods explore utilizing pre-trained vision-language models, in which the key is to adopt the image-level model for pixel-level segmentation task. In this paper, we propose a simple encoder-decoder, named SED, for open-vocabulary semantic segmentation, which comprises a hierarchical encoder-based cost map generation and a gradual fusion decoder with category early rejection. The hierarchical encoder-based cost map generation employs hierarchical backbone, instead of plain transformer, to predict pixel-level image-text cost map. Compared to plain transformer, hierarchical backbone better captures local spatial information and has linear computational complexity with respect to input size. Our gradual fusion decoder employs a top-down structure to combine cost map and the feature maps of different backbone levels for segmentation. To accelerate inference speed, we introduce a category early rejection scheme in the decoder that rejects many no-existing categories at the early layer of decoder, resulting in at most 4.7 times acceleration without accuracy degradation. Experiments are performed on multiple open-vocabulary semantic segmentation datasets, which demonstrates the efficacy of our SED method. When using ConvNeXt-B, our SED method achieves mIoU score of 31.6\% on ADE20K with 150 categories at 82 millisecond ($ms$) per image on a single A6000. We will release it at \url{https://github.com/xb534/SED.git}.

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