Making Large Language Models A Better Foundation For Dense Retrieval

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.15503v1
• Date: Sun, 24 Dec 2023 15:10:35 GMT
• Title: Making Large Language Models A Better Foundation For Dense Retrieval
• Authors: Chaofan Li, Zheng Liu, Shitao Xiao, Yingxia Shao
• Abstract summary: Dense retrieval needs to learn discriminative text embeddings to represent the semantic relationship between query and document. It may benefit from the using of large language models (LLMs), given LLMs' strong capability on semantic understanding. We propose LLaRA (LLM adapted for dense RetrievAl), which works as a post-hoc adaptation of dense retrieval application.
• Score: 19.38740248464456
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Dense retrieval needs to learn discriminative text embeddings to represent the semantic relationship between query and document. It may benefit from the using of large language models (LLMs), given LLMs' strong capability on semantic understanding. However, the LLMs are pre-trained by text generation tasks, whose working pattern is completely different from representing texts as embeddings. As a result, it is imperative to study how to adapt LLMs properly so that they can be effectively initialized as the backbone encoder for dense retrieval. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, called LLaRA (LLM adapted for dense RetrievAl), which works as a post-hoc adaptation of LLM for the dense retrieval application. LLaRA consists of two pretext tasks: EBAE (Embedding-Based Auto-Encoding) and EBAR (Embedding-Based Auto-Regression), where the text embeddings from LLM are used to reconstruct the tokens for the input sentence and predict the tokens for the next sentence, respectively. LLaRA turns out to be simple, lightweight, and highly effective. It is applied to adapt LLaMA-2-7B (base) on the Wikipedia corpus, where it substantially improves the model's fine-tuned performances on a variety of dense retrieval benchmarks, like MSMARCO and BEIR. Our model and code will be made publicly available at BGE repository.

Related papers

• Mistral-SPLADE: LLMs for better Learned Sparse Retrieval [7.652738829153342]
  We propose to use decoder-only model for learning semantic keyword expansion. We use Mistral as the backbone to develop our Learned Sparse Retriever similar to SPLADE. Our experiments support the hypothesis that a sparse retrieval model based on decoder only large language model (LLM) surpasses the performance of existing LSR systems.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-08-20T18:21:54Z)
• Unsupervised Information Refinement Training of Large Language Models for Retrieval-Augmented Generation [128.01050030936028]
  We propose an information refinement training method named InFO-RAG. InFO-RAG is low-cost and general across various tasks. It improves the performance of LLaMA2 by an average of 9.39% relative points.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-02-28T08:24:38Z)
• Effective Large Language Model Adaptation for Improved Grounding and Citation Generation [48.07830615309543]
  This paper focuses on improving large language models (LLMs) by grounding their responses in retrieved passages and by providing citations. We propose a new framework, AGREE, that improves the grounding from a holistic perspective. Our framework tunes LLMs to selfground the claims in their responses and provide accurate citations to retrieved documents.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-11-16T03:22:25Z)
• LLatrieval: LLM-Verified Retrieval for Verifiable Generation [67.93134176912477]
  Verifiable generation aims to let the large language model (LLM) generate text with supporting documents. We propose LLatrieval (Large Language Model Verified Retrieval), where the LLM updates the retrieval result until it verifies that the retrieved documents can sufficiently support answering the question. Experiments show that LLatrieval significantly outperforms extensive baselines and achieves state-of-the-art results.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-11-14T01:38:02Z)
• LLM-augmented Preference Learning from Natural Language [19.700169351688768]
  Large Language Models (LLMs) are equipped to deal with larger context lengths. LLMs can consistently outperform the SotA when the target text is large. Few-shot learning yields better performance than zero-shot learning.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-10-12T17:17:27Z)
• Query Rewriting for Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models [139.242907155883]
  Large Language Models (LLMs) play powerful, black-box readers in the retrieve-then-read pipeline. This work introduces a new framework, Rewrite-Retrieve-Read instead of the previous retrieve-then-read for the retrieval-augmented LLMs.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-05-23T17:27:50Z)
• LLM-Pruner: On the Structural Pruning of Large Language Models [65.02607075556742]
  Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in language understanding and generation. We tackle the compression of LLMs within the bound of two constraints: being task-agnostic and minimizing the reliance on the original training dataset. Our method, named LLM-Pruner, adopts structural pruning that selectively removes non-critical coupled structures.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-05-19T12:10:53Z)
• Large Language Models are Strong Zero-Shot Retriever [89.16756291653371]
  We propose a simple method that applies a large language model (LLM) to large-scale retrieval in zero-shot scenarios. Our method, the Language language model as Retriever (LameR), is built upon no other neural models but an LLM.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-04-27T14:45:55Z)
• Inference with Reference: Lossless Acceleration of Large Language Models [97.04200102556551]
  LLMA is an accelerator to speed up Large Language Model (LLM) inference with references. It is motivated by the observation that there are abundant identical text spans between the decoding result by an LLM and the reference that is available in many real world scenarios.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-04-10T09:55:14Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.