Spin projection noise and the magnetic sensitivity of optically pumped magnetometers

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.10746v2
• Date: Thu, 22 Feb 2024 11:41:35 GMT
• Title: Spin projection noise and the magnetic sensitivity of optically pumped magnetometers
• Authors: K. Mouloudakis, V. Koutrouli, I. K. Kominis, M. W. Mitchell, G. Vasilakis
• Abstract summary: We present a new approach for calculating the spin projection noise (SPN)-limited signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the magnetic sensitivity of OPMs. Our model is based solely on the mean-field density matrix dynamics. We report on a new SERF feature; the reduction of spin-projection noise at the spin precession frequency as a consequence of strongly-correlated hyperfine spins.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Present protocols for obtaining the ultimate magnetic sensitivity of optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) utilizing alkali-metal ensembles rely on uncorrelated atoms in stretched states. A new approach for calculating the spin projection noise (SPN)-limited signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the magnetic sensitivity of OPMs is proposed. Our model is based solely on the mean-field density matrix dynamics and in contrast to previous models, it applies to both low and high field regimes, it takes into account the degree of spin polarization, the intra- and interhyperfine correlations, the decoherence processes, the atom-light coupling and the effects of the spin dynamics on the spin-noise spectra. Fine tuning of the probe frequency allow us to explore different hyperfine states and ground-state correlations. Especially in the spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) regime, alongside the magnetic resonance narrowing and the increased number density, hallmarks of SERF magnetometers, we report on a new SERF feature; the reduction of spin-projection noise at the spin precession frequency as a consequence of strongly-correlated hyperfine spins that attenuate and redistribute SPN when properly probed.

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