Room temperature single-photon terahertz detection with thermal Rydberg atoms

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.05833v1
• Date: Sat, 9 Mar 2024 08:30:35 GMT
• Title: Room temperature single-photon terahertz detection with thermal Rydberg atoms
• Authors: Danyang Li, Zhengyang Bai, Xiaoliang Zuo, Yuelong Wu, Jiteng Sheng, and Haibin Wu
• Abstract summary: Single-photon terahertz (THz) detection is one of the most demanding technology for a variety of fields and could lead to many breakthroughs. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, the room temperature THz detector at single-photon levels based on nonlinear wave mixing in thermal Rydberg atomic vapor.
• Score: 8.625885970682884
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Single-photon terahertz (THz) detection is one of the most demanding technology for a variety of fields and could lead to many breakthroughs. Although its significant progress has been made in the last two decades, operating it at room temperature still remains a great challenge. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, the room temperature THz detector at single-photon levels based on nonlinear wave mixing in thermal Rydberg atomic vapor. The low-energy THz photons are coherently upconverted to the high-energy optical photons via a nondegenerate Rydberg state involved six-wave-mixing process, and therefore, the single-photon THz detection is achieved by a conventional optical single-photon counting module. The noise equivalent power of such a detector is reached to be 9.5*10^-19 W/Hz^1/2, which is more than four orders of magnitude lower than the state-of-the-art room temperature THz detectors. The optimum quantum efficiency of the whole wave-mixing process is about 4.3% with 40.6 dB dynamic range, and the maximum conversion bandwidth is 172 MHz, which is all-optically controllable. The developed fast and continuous-wave single-photon THz detector at room temperature operation has a great potential to be portable and chip-scale, and could be revolutionary for a wide range of applications in remote sensing, wireless communication, biomedical diagnostics, and quantum optics.

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