Optimal Dynamical Gauge in the Quantum Rabi Model
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.03205v1
- Date: Thu, 4 Apr 2024 05:16:18 GMT
- Title: Optimal Dynamical Gauge in the Quantum Rabi Model
- Authors: Yuqi Qing, Wen-Long You, Yueheng Lan, Maoxin Liu,
- Abstract summary: We find that the optimal gauges for the ground-state energy of the quantum Rabi model vary with respect to the cavity frequency.
For the dynamical quantity out-time-order correlator (OTOC), we find the necessity to introduce an optimal dynamical gauge.
We expect that this study will contribute to a more profound understanding of the subtle relation between gauge choice and the dynamics of QED systems.
- Score: 0.0
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the gauge dependence of various physical observables in the quantum Rabi model (QRM) under different potential fields, arising from the Hilbert-space truncation of the atomic degree of freedom. We discover that in both the square-well potential and oscillator potential,the optimal gauges for the ground-state energy of the QRM vary with respect to the cavity frequency, with the dipole gauge being optimal in the low-frequency limit and the Coulomb gauge in the high-frequency limit of the cavity frequency. Additionally, for higher energy levels, the optimal gauge asymptotically approaches the dipole gauge. However, for the dynamical quantity out-time-order correlator (OTOC), we find the necessity to introduce an optimal dynamical gauge. We determine the optimal dynamical gauge by minimizing the mean error between the two-level OTOC and the full Hamiltonian one. We expect that this study will contribute to a more profound understanding of the subtle relation between gauge choice and the dynamics of QED systems.
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