Fully Automated Selfish Mining Analysis in Efficient Proof Systems Blockchains

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2405.04420v1
• Date: Tue, 7 May 2024 15:44:39 GMT
• Title: Fully Automated Selfish Mining Analysis in Efficient Proof Systems Blockchains
• Authors: Krishnendu Chatterjee, Amirali Ebrahimzadeh, Mehrdad Karrabi, Krzysztof Pietrzak, Michelle Yeo, Đorđe Žikelić,
• Abstract summary: We study selfish mining attacks in longest-chain blockchains like Bitcoin, but where the proof of work is replaced with efficient proof systems. We propose a novel selfish mining attack that aims to maximize expected relative revenue of the adversary. We present a formal analysis procedure which computes an $epsilon$-tight lower bound on the optimal expected relative revenue in the MDP.
• Score: 5.864854777864723
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We study selfish mining attacks in longest-chain blockchains like Bitcoin, but where the proof of work is replaced with efficient proof systems -- like proofs of stake or proofs of space -- and consider the problem of computing an optimal selfish mining attack which maximizes expected relative revenue of the adversary, thus minimizing the chain quality. To this end, we propose a novel selfish mining attack that aims to maximize this objective and formally model the attack as a Markov decision process (MDP). We then present a formal analysis procedure which computes an $\epsilon$-tight lower bound on the optimal expected relative revenue in the MDP and a strategy that achieves this $\epsilon$-tight lower bound, where $\epsilon>0$ may be any specified precision. Our analysis is fully automated and provides formal guarantees on the correctness. We evaluate our selfish mining attack and observe that it achieves superior expected relative revenue compared to two considered baselines. In concurrent work [Sarenche FC'24] does an automated analysis on selfish mining in predictable longest-chain blockchains based on efficient proof systems. Predictable means the randomness for the challenges is fixed for many blocks (as used e.g., in Ouroboros), while we consider unpredictable (Bitcoin-like) chains where the challenge is derived from the previous block.

Related papers

• The Latency Price of Threshold Cryptosystem in Blockchains [52.359230560289745]
  We study the interplay between threshold cryptography and a class of blockchains that use Byzantine-fault tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols. Existing approaches for threshold cryptosystems introduce a latency overhead of at least one message delay for running the threshold cryptographic protocol. We propose a mechanism to eliminate this overhead for blockchain-native threshold cryptosystems with tight thresholds.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-07-16T20:53:04Z)
• Tie-Breaking Rule Based on Partial Proof of Work in a Blockchain [2.9281463284266973]
  We propose another countermeasure that can be easily applied to existing proof of work blockchain systems. By using the characteristic of partial proof of work, the proposed method enables miners to choose the last-generated block in a chain tie. Only weak synchrony, which is already met by existing systems such as Bitcoin, is required for effective functioning.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-03-22T08:24:12Z)
• STAKESURE: Proof of Stake Mechanisms with Strong Cryptoeconomic Safety [6.787433978322371]
  As of July 15, 2023, Ethererum, which is a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain, has around 410 Billion USD in total assets on chain. As the amount staked is far less (11x less) than the value secured, the blockchain is insecure "over-leveraged" in a cryptoeconomic sense. We formalize a model for analyzing the cryptoeconomic safety of PoS blockchain, which separately analyzes the cost-of-corruption, the cost incurred by an attacker, and the profit-from-corruption.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-01-11T10:03:00Z)
• Parallel Proof-of-Work with DAG-Style Voting and Targeted Reward Discounting [0.0]
  We present parallel proof-of-work with DAG-style voting, a novel proof-of-work cryptocurrency protocol. It provides better consistency guarantees, higher transaction throughput, lower transaction confirmation latency, and higher resilience against incentive attacks. An interesting by-product of our analysis is that parallel proof-of-work without reward discounting is less resilient to incentive attacks than Bitcoin in some realistic network scenarios.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-12-05T20:14:33Z)
• Generalized Hybrid Search and Applications to Blockchain and Hash Function Security [50.16790546184646]
  We first examine the hardness of solving various search problems by hybrid quantum-classical strategies. We then construct a hybrid quantum-classical search algorithm and analyze its success probability.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-11-07T04:59:02Z)
• Optimal Membership Inference Bounds for Adaptive Composition of Sampled Gaussian Mechanisms [93.44378960676897]
  Given a trained model and a data sample, membership-inference (MI) attacks predict whether the sample was in the model's training set. A common countermeasure against MI attacks is to utilize differential privacy (DP) during model training to mask the presence of individual examples. In this paper, we derive bounds for the textitadvantage of an adversary mounting a MI attack, and demonstrate tightness for the widely-used Gaussian mechanism.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-04-12T22:36:56Z)
• A Double-Linked Blockchain Approach Based on Proof-of-Refundable-Tax Consensus Algorithm [0.0]
  We propose a double-linked blockchain data structure that greatly improves blockchain performance and guarantees single chain with no forks. With the proposed proof-of-refundable-tax (PoRT) consensus algorithm, our approach can construct highly reliable, efficient, fair and stable blockchain operations.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-09-14T08:30:32Z)
• Online Adversarial Attacks [57.448101834579624]
  We formalize the online adversarial attack problem, emphasizing two key elements found in real-world use-cases. We first rigorously analyze a deterministic variant of the online threat model. We then propose algoname, a simple yet practical algorithm yielding a provably better competitive ratio for $k=2$ over the current best single threshold algorithm.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-03-02T20:36:04Z)
• Quantum Multi-Solution Bernoulli Search with Applications to Bitcoin's Post-Quantum Security [67.06003361150228]
  A proof of work (PoW) is an important cryptographic construct enabling a party to convince others that they invested some effort in solving a computational task. In this work, we examine the hardness of finding such chain of PoWs against quantum strategies. We prove that the chain of PoWs problem reduces to a problem we call multi-solution Bernoulli search, for which we establish its quantum query complexity.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-12-30T18:03:56Z)
• Stochastic Bandits with Linear Constraints [69.757694218456]
  We study a constrained contextual linear bandit setting, where the goal of the agent is to produce a sequence of policies. We propose an upper-confidence bound algorithm for this problem, called optimistic pessimistic linear bandit (OPLB)
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-06-17T22:32:19Z)
• Toward Low-Cost and Stable Blockchain Networks [10.790006312359795]
  We propose a blockchain mining resources allocation algorithm to reduce the mining cost in PoW-based (proof-of-work-based) blockchain networks.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-02-19T06:42:33Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.