Matryoshka Multimodal Models

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2405.17430v2
• Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2024 17:59:28 GMT
• Title: Matryoshka Multimodal Models
• Authors: Mu Cai, Jianwei Yang, Jianfeng Gao, Yong Jae Lee,
• Abstract summary: We propose M3: Matryoshka Multimodal Models, which learns to represent visual content as nested sets of visual tokens. We find that COCO-style benchmarks only need around 9 visual tokens to obtain accuracy similar to that of using all 576 tokens.
• Score: 92.41824727506751
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) such as LLaVA have shown strong performance in visual-linguistic reasoning. These models first embed images into a fixed large number of visual tokens and then feed them into a Large Language Model (LLM). However, this design causes an excessive number of tokens for dense visual scenarios such as high-resolution images and videos, leading to great inefficiency. While token pruning/merging methods do exist, they produce a single length output for each image and do not afford flexibility in trading off information density v.s. efficiency. Inspired by the concept of Matryoshka Dolls, we propose M3: Matryoshka Multimodal Models, which learns to represent visual content as nested sets of visual tokens that capture information across multiple coarse-to-fine granularities. Our approach offers several unique benefits for LMMs: (1) One can explicitly control the visual granularity per test instance during inference, e.g. , adjusting the number of tokens used to represent an image based on the anticipated complexity or simplicity of the content; (2) M3 provides a framework for analyzing the granularity needed for existing datasets, where we find that COCO-style benchmarks only need around ~9 visual tokens to obtain accuracy similar to that of using all 576 tokens; (3) Our approach provides a foundation to explore the best trade-off between performance and visual token length at sample level, where our investigation reveals that a large gap exists between the oracle upper bound and current fixed-scale representations.

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